与鲸共生：新英格兰原住民捕鲸史的文献与口述史

Nancy Shoemaker (ed.), Living with Whales: Documents and Oral Histories of Native New England Whaling History, Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2014.

Native Americans along the coasts of southern New England and Long Island have had close ties to whales for thousands of years. They made a living from the sea and saw in the world's largest beings special power and meaning. After English settlement in the early seventeenth century, the region's natural bounty of these creatures drew Natives and colonists alike to develop whale hunting on an industrial scale. By the nineteenth century, New England dominated the world in whaling, and Native Americans contributed substantially to whaleship crews.

In Living with Whales, Nancy Shoemaker reconstructs the history of Native whaling in New England through a diversity of primary documents: explorers' deions of their "first encounters," indentures, deeds, merchants' accounts, Indian overseer reports, crew lists, memoirs, obituaries, and excerpts from journals kept by Native whalemen on their voyages. These materials span the centuries-long rise and fall of the American whalefishery and give insight into the far-reaching impact of whaling on Native North American communities. One chapter even follows a Pequot Native to New Zealand, where many of his Maori descendants still reside today.

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Whaling has left behind a legacy of ambivalent emotions. In oral histories included in this volume, descendants of Wampanoag and Shinnecock whalemen reflect on how whales, whaling, and the ocean were vital to the survival of coastal Native communities in the Northeast, but at great cost to human life, family life, whales, and the ocean environment.

新英格兰南部和长岛沿岸的美洲原住民与鲸类保持着数千年的密切联系。他们以海为生，并在这些世界上最庞大的生物身上感受到特殊的力量和意义。17世纪初英国人定居后， 该地区鲸类资源的天然富饶吸引了原住民与殖民者共同发展工业规模的捕鲸业。至19世纪， 新英格兰在世界捕鲸业中占据主导地位，而美洲原住民则为捕鲸船队贡献了重要力量。

在《与鲸共生》一书中，南希·舒梅克通过多样化的原始文献重构了 新英格兰原住民捕鲸史： 探险家对"初次接触"的描述、契约书、地契、商人账目、印第安监管人报告、船员名单、回忆录、讣告，以及原住民捕鲸人在航行中所写日记的摘录。这些材料涵盖了 美国捕鲸业兴衰的整个历史进程，并揭示了捕鲸业对北美原住民社区的深远影响。其中一章甚至追踪了一位佩科特族原住民远赴新西兰的经历，他的许多毛利后裔至今仍居住在那里。

捕鲸业留下了复杂矛盾的情感遗产。在本书收录的口述史中， 万帕诺亚格族和辛内科克族捕鲸人的后裔反思了鲸类、捕鲸业和海洋对东北部沿海原住民社区生存的重要意义，但同时也付出了人类生命、家庭生活、鲸类和海洋环境的巨大代价。

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中国人民大学口述史研修班（第五期）汇集口述史研究领域知名学者，深入探讨口述史的理论框架、方法论创新与实践应用。课程设置涵盖口述史的问题意识与操作方法、深度访谈技巧、集体记忆理论、情感转向研究以及AI赋能下的可能性路径等前沿议题。同时，通过农村减贫、乡村振兴、传统生态知识、非遗传承人与音乐家口述史等多领域实践案例，展示口述史在记录中国社会变迁、传承文化记忆方面的独特价值。本研修班旨在培养学员系统把握口述史理论框架、掌握访谈实操技能、提升口述史分析能力，推动口述史研究方向着更加自主创新的方向发展，为记录和理解当代中国的社会变迁提供新的研究视角与方法路径。

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